CentraBiohub

  How osteoporosis affect people? Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disorder characterized by porous bones, which means that the bones have lost density and become weaker and susceptible to osteoporotic fractures. It is a condition that primarily affects people over 50, with a higher prevalence of bone density loss in women. The bones of an individual with osteoporosis may appear as a "honeycomb" structure with larger spaces between the bone tissue. It is a slow-progressing and age-related condition that increases the risk of fractures. Millions of people worldwide are affected by osteoporosis, which can significantly impact the bone health and quality of life of older adults. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 54 million Americans live with osteoporosis with significant premature bone loss.  What are osteoporosis symptoms? Osteoporosis is often referred to as a "silent disease" because many people do not experience symptoms in the early st...

  Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, is a persistent autoimmune disorder that affects the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. It is caused by the abnormal immunological processes known as cell- or antibody-mediated destroy the healthy cells of the thyroid gland, resulting in increased fibrosis and a decrease in the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. The underlying causes of this autoimmune condition are not fully understood, and ongoing research is underway worldwide to understand the disease's pathophysiology and triggers. Know the symptoms of Hashimoto's disease. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a leading cause of autoimmune thyroiditis or hypothyroidism in developed countries. This condition impairs the normal production and synthesis of thyroid hormones, leading to low levels in the blood and decreased ability to maintain normal body metabolism. The early stages of the disease often show a slow progress...

  HIV/AIDS refers to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome, which is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection that affects millions globally. It is caused by a virus from the Lentivirus genus known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus and attacks the host's immune system, leading to its gradual destruction. The eventual outcome is AIDS, a condition with a severely weakened immune system, making the individual susceptible to various opportunistic diseases. Unfortunately, there is no cure for HIV/AIDS. How HIV infection transmits? HIV/AIDS is a type of sexually transmitted disease (STD) that spreads primarily through unprotected sexual contact with an infected person or by the exchange of bodily fluids such as blood, semen, breast milk, vaginal fluid, and plasma. Sharing needles or contacting infected blood through medical procedures can cause HIV transmission. Furthermore, pregnant women with HIV can also pass on the virus to their offspring. The followin...

  What are Sexually Transmitted Diseases? Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also referred to as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are a common issue caused by the spread of infectious agents through sexual contact without proper protection. This includes vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse with an infected individual, exposure to contaminated blood, drug use, and mother-to-baby transmission. The prevalence of STDs is a global concern, affecting individuals of all ages, and frequently results in undiagnosed and untreated illness due to a lack of symptoms in the early stages. To address this challenge, there is a need for increased research to develop improved diagnostic methods and treatments.  Common types of STDs: STDs, including syphilis, HPV, HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, hepatitis, and herpes simplex, are caused by various agents such as bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. While some STDs can be treated with early diagnosis and prompt trea...

  What is Sepsis or Septicemia?  Sepsis is a severe bloodstream infection that can be life-threatening.   It is also known as septicemia. It is the body's systemic inflammatory response to the infection in another part of the body or blood poisoning. The principal infection foci of sepsis can be infections of the kidney, digestive system, and lungs. If left untreated, it can swiftly worsen into a life-threatening illness known as sepsis shock, resulting in multiple organ failure and death. In actuality, sepsis is the most difficult nosocomial infection globally. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 1.7 million Americans have sepsis infection over their lifetime, and nearly 270 000 Americans die from sepsis. Additionally, sepsis is the main factor in people who are seriously ill and hospitalized and die prematurely. The main factor complicating every attempt to combat diseases is rising antibiotic resistance. To avoid deadly septic shock...

  The spread of infectious diseases is a major issue worldwide, caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These diseases often lead to hospitalisation and can easily be transmitted from person to person. Recently, the emergence of new infections and the resurgence of contagious diseases have created significant public health concerns in developing and developed countries. Infectious diseases are a leading cause of disability-adjusted life years and global mortality. The increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance has increased concerns about the potential for superinfections, making the fight against infectious diseases even more challenging. As a result, combating infectious diseases has become a top priority for global health leaders, healthcare workers, health policymakers, and health researchers. Also, research efforts to develop new antibiotics, therapeutic approaches, and vaccines are ongoing globally to address the current and future threat of i...

  Food allergies are a widespread issue and deserve more attention. These allergies occur when an individual's immune system reacts abnormally to certain ingredients in food. The reaction is usually due to the production of antibodies against the allergens, a type of allergy referred to as IgE-mediated allergy. On the other hand, some people can develop allergies without the involvement of the immune system, called non-IgE-mediated allergies. Family history plays a role in the development of allergies; external factors can also contribute to their onset. Common food allergies seen in people include shellfish allergy, dairy allergy, fruit allergy, etc  Understanding Food Allergies and the Foods to Avoid Food allergies can severely impact a person's life, causing a range of symptoms that can be life-threatening in some cases. To help those with food allergies, it's important to be aware of the most common allergies. Some of the common food allergens include: ● Seafood and She...

  What exactly is Syphilis? Syphilis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) affecting millions of people across the globe. It is caused by a spirochete called Treponema pallidum, a small, spiral-shaped, highly contagious bacterium belonging to the spirochete family. Unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner is the most common method of transmission of Syphilis. It can also spread through nonsexual contact, blood transfusion, etc. Moreover, a mother infected with Syphilis can transmit the infection to her newborn child. An untreated syphilis infection can result in organ failure and death unless it is treated immediately. What are the ways to Diagnose Syphilis Disease? The preliminary diagnosis of Syphilis is determined by carefully examining the painless indurated lesions known as syphilis chancre or syphilis rashes, particularly on the genital organs in both males and females. In the advanced stages of the disease, the patient may experience other...

  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic autoimmune conditions characterized by prolonged inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two main types of IBD are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease affects any part of the digestive tract and can cause inflammation in multiple layers of the gut lining, while ulcerative colitis causes inflammation in the rectum and colon. Long-term colon inflammation is the primary cause of developing colon cancer. The causes of IBD are not fully understood, but it is believed to be caused by an abnormal immune system response and may be linked to an individual's genetics. Studies are progressing across the globe to understand the exact causes and pathophysiology. Symptoms and risk factors for IBD Symptoms of IBD can range from mild to severe and include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fatigue, weight loss, rectal bleeding, and arthritis. Prompt diagnosis and timely initiation of IBD treatment can, however, co...

  About human biospecimens Human biospecimens are any substances or biological samples taken from the human body. Blood, bodily fluids, organs, tissues, cells, DNA, bones, teeth, and other materials collected for research, disease monitoring, and clinical diagnosis are included. Human biospecimens are now a vital component of many research initiatives advancing globally. It serves as an in-vitro human model for determining diseases' precise nature and pathophysiology. The last few years have demonstrated the crucial role that research on human biospecimens played in the clinical trial for the development of the COVID-19 diagnostic tests and vaccine. Collection of human biospecimens for research  Human biospecimens used in research are typically obtained from residual patient samples after medical examination or diagnosis. They can also come from voluntary donations or be collected during diagnostic or clinical procedures such as biopsies or surgeries. Collecting biosamples is ...

  A myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack, is one of the most serious medical emergencies that can result in fatality. MI happens when blood flow to the cardiac muscles abruptly ceases, stopping the heart from beating. Atherosclerosis, a condition that results in the buildup of fat and lipids, is what causes the blockage or narrowing of blood vessels that results in it. If a patient has a heart attack while hospitalized, a suitable medical intervention or myocardial infarction treatment is necessary to restore normal blood flow and preserve the patient's life. The leading cause of early death and disability worldwide is myocardial infarction, as well. 635,000 Americans are diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction each year, according to data from the Cleveland Clinics. Symptoms and Signs of Myocardial Infarction: The classic sign of an acute MI or heart attack is sudden chest pain that spreads to the left shoulder, neck, hands, and jaw. Also, the patients compl...

  Allergies are a prevalent issue that many people deal with regularly. They occur when an individual's immune system overreacts to harmless environmental substances. There are various types of allergies that people can experience. Common allergies reported are food allergy, dust allergy, drug allergy, tree allergy, pollen allergy, grass allergy, insect sting allergy, and more. Regardless of the type of allergy, they can often be a nuisance that disrupts the daily routine. What is an Allergic reaction? An allergy or allergic reaction is an acute response shown by the body when it encounters foreign particles, known as allergens. These allergens can come in many forms. Common allergens known to cause allergy in humans include dust mites, tree pollens, animal dander, certain foods, bacteria, and medications. The severity of an allergic reaction can vary, with some individuals experiencing mild to moderate symptoms. In contrast, others may experience a severe reaction known as anaphyl...