CentraBiohub

  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), also referred to as brain fluid, is a clear, colourless, and watery bodily fluid that circulates the structures of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for controlling and coordinating the functions of our body's central nervous system (CNS). In addition to acting as a cushion to prevent damage to the brain and spinal cord during mechanical injury or trauma, CSF also aids in transporting neuromodulators and neurotransmitters and the excretion of metabolic waste products from the brain tissues. Furthermore, it plays a crucial role in providing immunological protection to brain tissues. Importance of CSF Biomarker analysis in neurological diseases Medical professionals and researchers have been using biomarkers, which are proteins that change their expression in various disease conditions, for decades to track the progression of diseases and their response to treatment. Biomarkers could objectively evaluate disorders to replace or supplement subje...

  Human biospecimens are any substances from the human body, including body fluids, tissues, organs, cells, DNA, hair, bones, and teeth. It is also known as human specimens or biological specimens. Research involving humans has long relied on the rigorous examination of human biospecimens. Biosamples are usually gathered from patients for disease diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, and research activities. The study of human biomaterials helps to gain a deeper understanding of human biology and the pathways of diseases. Human biospecimens are the cornerstone of precision medicine . Human biospecimens are crucial in developing precision medicine. It is a novel approach to preventing and treating human diseases. Precision medicine involves tailoring treatments to individual patients based on their unique genetic makeup and environmental and lifestyle factors. This approach can improve patient outcomes and accurately predict each patient's most effective treatment and prevention methods...

  The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the mutated strain of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant impact on people's daily lives worldwide. Millions of people have lost their lives due to this global health crisis since the virus began to spread in 2019. While the development of an effective COVID-19 vaccine and its successful immunisation has helped reduce the transmission and severity of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2021, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants like Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron has raised concerns among biomedical researchers worldwide about the efficacy of the currently approved COVID 19 vaccines. To address this, human biospecimens obtained from vaccinated donors are an essential resource for advanced research on the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Such samples assist researchers in exploring interindividual differences in adverse effects, the range of activity against preventing infections from virus strains, and the vaccines' efficacy and efficiency.. A wi...

  What are human Biological Specimens? Human biological specimens are biomaterials taken from the human body and used for research and disease diagnosis. Additionally, they may be referred to as human biospecimens, human biosamples, or human biological samples. Human DNA, cerebrospinal fluid, whole blood, serum, and plasma are frequently used human biospecimens. To understand diseases' nature and pathogenesis, these banked human biospecimens are essential in biomedical research and development. Research on human biospecimens advances knowledge of various medical problems and the underlying mechanisms involved in disease occurrence.  How to use human biological specimens ethically? Research and development in biomedicine can significantly benefit from residual human biospecimens and the information that goes with them. To avoid misuse and wastage, these biospecimens must be handled and managed carefully. Strict adherence to biobanking laws and regulations is required to safegua...

  The term "human biological samples" refers to any substances from the human body collected for diagnosis, treatment or research. It is  referred to as "human biospecimens" or "human biosamples." It comprises of but is not restricted to, blood, urine, sputum, faeces, saliva, organs, teeth, hair, tissues, cell lines, DNA, bones, and other materials that are gathered during any clinical or laboratory procedure, including biopsies, surgery, etc Best practices for managing human samples for research It is paramount that human bio specimens must be handled carefully in all biomedical research and diagnostic disease research areas. The risk of infection for the person handling the samples cannot be ruled out because they come from healthy donors who self-report as being in good health or from patient populations. To prevent direct contact and cross-contamination, every human sample used in clinical trials is treated as potentially infectious and subject to spec...

  Human Specimens and Biobanks  Human specimens are natural substances from the human body that are gathered and preserved for disease diagnosis and scientific investigation. It is also known as human biomaterials, human biospecimens, or human biosamples. It includes human organs, tissues, cells, DNA, body fluids, teeth, hair, skin, and other components legally and morally collected from patients and donors. These human specimens are precious and widely used in biomedical research and in developing novel therapeutics and diagnostics to manage and treat diseases. All human specimens are one-of-a-kind and unrepeatable elements. Human samples can give researchers a detailed account of the patient's journey in life. Studies on human samples from various people support translational and precision medicine. Research on various genetically diverse human bio specimens also helps to comprehend disease patterns and epidemiological studies. As a result, leftover human samples and clinica...

  Endometriosis, also known as endometrioma, is a chronic gynaecological disorder that depends on estrogen and is characterized by the outward growth of endometrial tissues in lesions of varying sizes and appearances, including endometrial glands and stroma. It is a painful disorder that can cause chronic inflammation and may ultimately result in infertility or make conception difficult. The abnormal tissue growth can be found on the peritoneum, ovaries, recto-vaginal septum, and other areas inside and outside the pelvis. According to estimates, endometriosis affects around one in ten women of reproductive age. Background of endometriosis research  Endometriosis, first discovered over a hundred years ago, still holds many mysteries regarding its cause, progression, and effects on fertility and pelvic pain. Due to the lack of symptoms in the early stages, many cases go undiagnosed for extended periods. The need for a standardized treatment and understanding of the disease's pat...

  Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and progressive bone disorder affecting millions, particularly those over 60. The development of anti-rheumatoid factor antibodies, which attack the body's joints, causes complete tissue damage due to the misregulation of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. It is also known as inflammatory arthritis, which primarily affects the lining of joints leading to severe inflammation or swelling, causing bone erosion and altering the structural composition of joints. Patients with chronic arthritis find it challenging to perform daily activities like walking, sitting, standing, running, etc. The precise causes of rheumatoid arthritis are still a mystery that requires further investigation. How is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed? Rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis can be difficult because joint inflammation and stiffness can also be caused by other conditions. Apart from rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, various tests are needed to confirm the presence of rhe...

  What exactly is urine analysis?  To evaluate a patient's overall health, urine samples are collected and subjected to numerous laboratory tests called urine analysis. It is one of the most accurate economic diagnostic procedures for checking the fundamental processes of the human body. The diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections, kidney disorders, endocrine disorders, liver diseases, and vascular disorders are all frequently assisted by urine analysis. Since collecting urine samples from patients is simple and does not call for a skilled laboratory technician, urine tests are less expensive and simpler to perform than blood tests. In other words, patients can independently collect urine samples without risking harm or distress. As a result, it is one of the diagnostic procedures that patients and doctors prefer. General urine examinations during a urine analysis The primary goal of a urine examination is to determine whether the physical and chemical makeup of th...

  Allergy is a prevalent condition that many people experience. It arises when an individual's immune system reacts abnormally to environmental substances that are typically harmless to others. There are various forms of allergies that individuals may encounter. Common allergy seen in people includes food allergy, dust allergy, drug allergy, tree allergy, pollen allergy, grass allergy, insect sting allergy, and others. Allergies are an inconvenience that can interfere with daily life. When examining allergies more closely, we see that they occur when the body responds naturally to expel foreign particles known as allergens. Common allergens include dust, grass, pollens, weeds, animal dander, insects, food components, bacteria, and medications. Allergic reactions may not always be severe; symptoms are typically mild to moderate and may or may not require treatment. Nevertheless, in some instances, an allergy can swiftly develop into anaphylaxis, a medical emergency. Allergy symptoms...

  What exactly is type 2 Diabetes mellitus? Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic illness that results from insufficient insulin production or an inability of the body's insulin to regulate blood sugar levels effectively. Risk factors for this condition include being overweight, having a sedentary lifestyle, and having a family history of the disease. Living with type 2 diabetes can be challenging, but adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly assist in managing its symptoms. What is type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms? Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus can manifest in a variety of symptoms, including: Increased thirst and hunger Frequent urination Unexplained weight loss or gain Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus Fatigue or weakness Blurred vision Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet Slow healing of cuts or wounds Recurrent infections Darkened skin in body creases and folds Erectile dysfunction (in men) It's important to note that some individuals with type 2 diabetes may not e...